Which factors influence a pilot's decision to execute a missed approach?

The decision to execute a missed approach is significantly influenced by visibility and established visual references. Visibility pertains to how far the pilot can see and assess the landing environment, which is crucial for safely completing an approach. If visibility is poor, pilots may not be able to make informed decisions regarding landing, thus necessitating a missed approach.

Established visual reference refers to the necessary visual cues that a pilot must have in order to confirm that they are in a suitable position to land. These visual references are typically part of the approach criteria and can include features like runway markings or nearby landmarks. Without these cues, it becomes unsafe for the pilot to continue with the landing, reinforcing the need to execute a missed approach.

While the other factors can impact aspects of the flight and approach phases, they do not encompass the immediate visual requirements needed to determine the suitability of landing at that moment. Therefore, visibility and visual references are the most direct influences on the decision to go around, making this the correct answer.