What is the most effective method of scanning for other aircraft during nighttime hours?

Scanning small sectors using peripheral vision is the most effective method for detecting other aircraft during nighttime hours. This approach allows a pilot to cover a wider area of their field of view without becoming fixated on a single point. By systematically scanning small sections of the sky, a pilot can utilize their peripheral vision to detect lights or movements of other aircraft that may not be directly in their line of sight.

At night, when visibility is limited, relying on peripheral vision helps in picking up subtle changes in the environment, such as the appearance of another aircraft's lights. This method is especially useful because it accommodates the limited visibility conditions typically encountered during nighttime flying.

In contrast, using night vision goggles can be helpful for enhancing visibility of infrared sources, but they may not provide a complete picture of the surrounding environment, and they require training to use effectively. Scanning with a flashlight can reveal nearby obstacles, but it can also create glare and temporary blindness, making it counterproductive for observing other aircraft at a distance. Finally, maintaining a constant head position would restrict the pilot’s ability to scan effectively, as it does not allow for a comprehensive view of the sky and may cause delays in spotting potential hazards.