What distinguishes a precision approach from a non-precision approach?

A precision approach is characterized by its provision of both lateral and vertical guidance to the pilot. This dual guidance system allows for a more accurate descent trajectory towards the runway compared to non-precision approaches, which typically provide only lateral guidance and rely on the pilot to determine the vertical descent. Precision approaches often utilize Instrument Landing System (ILS) technology or advanced Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) capabilities to achieve this, allowing aircraft to land in lower visibility conditions and enhancing overall safety during the approach phase.

In contrast, non-precision approaches do not include vertical guidance and require pilots to manage their descent using alternative methods, which can increase workload and the potential for altitude mismanagement. The distinctions in the types of guidance provided are fundamental to the classification of these approaches. This difference means that precision approaches are generally more reliable and preferred where conditions allow for their use.